Around the same time Columbia produced the Omnibus Series with Leonard Bernstein explaining Beethoven and Jazz. Bernstein's analysis of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony on CL 918 was first mentioned in Billboard Magazine of January, 1956.

Remington MP-100-17

Once Donald Gabor had established his major LP-label Remington, in 1950, he was the man who exploited its growing catalog to the full. Not only by changing and improving the covers in order to give the records a new appeal and thus stimulating the sales, but also by releasing the same recordings on his other labels like Merit, Etude, Webster, Pontiac, Plymouth and Masterseal. A few Masterseal releases were already listed in 1951. But these were the early, luxurious gatefold editions mentioning Marcel Prawy as the producer. The other labels are first listed in the September 1953 Schwann LP Catalogue. 'The Long Player', the other important record guide in those days, only listed the Remington recordings.

 

Another way to stimulate sales of his classical recordings was by producing series aiming at specific target groups: children, students, educators and collectors. This idea materialized in a special series like Young Violinist's Edition supervised by Theodore and Alice Pashkus, but also in the Music Plus! Series, edited by famous musicologist Dr. Sigmund Spaeth, who later supervised the Music Appreciation Library Series for Gabor's Palace label. Above at right the cover of the issue of Hen Gates and his Gaters in the Music Appreciation Library Series which was released earlier on Masterseal MSLP 5005 together with other jazz songs, and these were also issued on Plymouth P12-144.

Although Gabor himself had many original ideas, he also copied ideas from others. The name Music Appreciation Library was inspired by the existence of the Music Appreciation Recordings of the Book of the Month Club. And since 1952 David and Josef Josefowitz of Concert Hall operated their record subscription series named Musical Masterpiece Society and that with great success.
Shown here is an advertisement of the Book of the Month Club's Series with the recording of the 6th Symphony of Tchaikovsky (Pathétique) conducted by Leonard Bernstein, and the release of Prokofiev's Classical Symphony (with an analysis by Thomas Sherman) and Britten's Young Person Guide to the Orchestra (narrated by Alfred Wallenstein).

Right from the start, Don Gabor wanted that Remington was a label to be reckoned with. He not only saw the necessity of quality artwork for the covers, but found that the liner notes were important as well. In the first year there were lists of available recordings printed on the back of the covers. But soon informative liner notes, mostly written by noted critics and journalists (and as is suggested in some cases by Don Gabor's cousin George Curtiss), explained the music. A writer for early releases was Herman Neuman.

When the looks of the covers improved, Gabor hired famous critics and musicologists like Dr. Sigmund Spaeth, John W. Freeman and Irving Kolodin, along with other writers and music critics who were either newcomers or already had established their names in the world of newspapers, magazines and the recording industry: Louis Biancolli, Betty Reinman, Max de Schauensee, Irving Sablosky, Jerome Boehm (most of the time spelled Bohm), Bertram Stanleigh, Herbert Weinstock, Jack Urbont, Sheldon Soffer and Jay S. Harrison.

Some wrote the liner notes for one specific release, others took responsibility for several albums.
Despite the valuable and professional work of these writers, sometimes their names would not appear on a cover and often the liner notes were replaced by listings of other Remington records accompanied by quotes from critics and reviewers. This was especially the case when Remington records had become a commodity of department stores and petrol stations and the label had lost its credibility with the serious collector and reviewer.

One important musicologist and writer was Dr. Sigmund Spaeth (April 10, 1885, Philadelphia - November 12, 1965, New York). Spaeth started off as a folklorist collecting American songs. He published his findings in 'Read 'Em and Weep' and 'Weep Some More, My Lady'. He is also the author of 'History of Popular Music in America', 'The Common Sense of Music', 'The Importance of Music', and 'Stories Behind the World's Greatest Music'.

Sigmund Spaeth was one of the composers who wrote music for the movies 'Show Boat' and 'The Trespasser', and he wrote the score for 'The Magic Flame'. These films were made when 'the talkie' was launched. He himself appeared in the movie 'Frankie and Johnnie'.

Dr. Spaeth is quoted on the back of several Remington-covers: 'Across the country, Remington's low priced long play classical high fidelity records are staging a full scale cultural invasion.'

At around the age of 66, Dr. Spaeth started his involvement with Remington Records writing the liner notes for several recordings. An example is R-199-87 with Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite and 1812 Festival Overture performed by the Austrian Symphony Orchestra conducted by Kurt Wöss.

Spaeth's notes also appear on Masterseal MSLP 5012 with Scheherazade by Rimsky-Korsakov. That release mentions Kurt Wöss as the conductor while the recording is the one by Karl Rucht and the RIAS Symphony Orchestra.

The cover of Masterseal MSLP 5008 has Spaeth's notes for Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 and Schubert's Symphony No. 8, mentioned as conducted by Kurt Wöss. The recording was later re-released in a Masterseal cover as Remington R-199-246 around 1958.

No Remington disc with this coupling conducted by Wöss could be found. Beethoven's Fifth was released on a 10" disc (R-149-9) with the Salzburg Mozarteum Orchestra conducted by Hans Wolf and Schubert's Eighth Symphony was originally a recording with conductor H. Arthur Brown (R-149-15). The name Wöss seems a convenient substitute, especially after Brown had fallen from grace.

Spaeth also wrote the notes for these discs:
R-199-94 - Bartok plays Bartok - Bela Bartok at the piano.
Palace M-601 -Tchaikovsky: Romeo and Juliet Overture, Grieg: Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, said to be conducted by Kurt Baumann, but these are in fact the recordings conducted by Kurt Wöss and H. Arthur Brown, respectively.

Spaeth's notes from Remington releases were reprinted on various other Masterseal albums. Before the exploitation of the full Masterseal catalogue had started, Don Gabor had asked Sigmund Spaeth's collaboration to set up the Remington Music Plus!-Series. Existing recordings from the Remington catalog were selected and Dr. Spaeth wrote the liner notes. He also read his own commentaries and introductions which were recorded and put at the end of each record side explaining the history and form of the compositions. The cover states:

This is a special recording in the series Music Plus, selected by Sigmund Spaeth whose voice is heard in recorded comments on each number. These comments appear on additional bands towards the center on each side. For home use it is suggested that the music always be played first, after which Dr. Spaeth's remarks can peruse a second hearing and be reviewed from time to time as desired. For schools, colleges, clubs and broadcasts the introductory material should naturally preface the playing of each selection, adding the printed backgrounds if needed. In order to simplify such public performances, an accurate timetable is appended, covering the Spaeth comments as well as the music itself.

There are twenty recordings in Volume I. Whether there was also a Volume II is not sure.

Volume 1 (The labels bear the reference numbers MP-100-1 to MP-100-20):

Brahms: Symphony No. 1 - MP-100-1 - H. Arthur Brown.
Beethoven: Symphony 6 - MP-100-2 - Kurt Wöss.
Dvorak: Symphony No. 5 (9) - MP-100-3 - George Singer, conductor.
Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night's Dream - MP-100-4 - H. Arthur Brown
Tchaikovsky: Festival Overture + Nutcracker - MP-100-5 - Kurt Wöss.
Johann Strauss: Overtures and Waltzes - MP-100-6 - conductor Kurt Wöss.
Franck: Symphony in D - MP-100-7 - Hans Wolf conducting.
Haydn: Military + 88th Symphony - MP-100-8 - conductors Fritz Weidlich and Paul Walter.
Wagner: Arias + Piano Sonata - MP-100-9 - Astrid Varnay and pianist Felicitas Karrer.
Rimsky-Korsakov: Capriccio Espagnol + Coq d'Or - MP-100-10 - with conductors Ernst Melich and George Singer.
Debussy: Prélude a l'apres midi d'un faune + Preludes - MP-100-11 - Jean Morel conducting; Edward Kilenyi, pianist.
Schubert: Moments Musicaux + Symphony 8 - MP-100-12 - Jörg Demus piano; H. Arthur Brown. conductor.
Mozart: Eine kleine Nachtmusik + Symphony No. 35 - MP-100-13 -Fritz Weidlich and Hans Wolf conducting.
Liszt: Hungarian Fantasia + Les Preludes - MP-100-14 - Edward Kilenyi/Felix Prohaska and George Singer.
Chopin: Waltzes - MP-100-15 - Edward Kilenyi, piano.
Verdi: Rigoletto - MP-100-16 - Erasmo Ghiglia.
Schumann: Piano Concerto - MP-100-17 - Céliny Chailley-Richez piano, Robert Heger conducting.
Handel: Messiah - MP-100-18 - Joseph Messner, conductor
Bach: Prelude No. 15 & 16 + Partita 6 - MP-100-19 - Jörg Demus, pianist
Richard Strauss: Don Juan + Rosenkavalier Waltzes - MP-100-20 - H. Arthur Brown, conductor.

Billboard Magazine of September 18, 1954, announced that Remington had started the distribution of the records in the Music Plus! series, although some Nos. 1, 13, 16 and 18 were already released in July 1953.

Remington MP-100-17 from the MUSIC Plus!- series. Céliny Chailley-Richez, pianist, performing Schumann's Concerto in A minor Op. 54 with the Austrian Symphony Orchestra, Robert Heger, conductor (uninterrupted performance), followed by recorded themes from the score with comments spoken by Dr. Sigmund Spaeth. The liner notes explain the recording and advertisements were published in Schwann Record Catalog. Below the advertisement for the Series mentioning Beethoven's Emperor.

This is an advertisement announcing the Series in the Schwann Long Playing Record Catalog:

Later much of the same material was used for another series under the title 'Music Masters Appreciation Records'. An example is the recording of the Remington recording of the Hungarian Fantasia with pianist Edward Kilenyi and conductor Felix Prohaska, now coupled with Les Preludes (also by Liszt) conducted by George Singer. This recording with commentary by Sigmund Spaeth on MP-100-14, became Vol. 6 of Music Masters. It was obviously easier to reissue the same material again and again than procuring new performances recorded in a higher technical quality.

John W. Freeman
Born in New York City in 1928, graduated at the Phillips Academy (Andover) and received a BA in English at Yale College. He followed private studies in music theory, counterpoint, harmony and piano. In the summer of 1948, when he turned twenty, he was a member of the composition class at Tanglewood in Lennox, Massachusetts, with Darius Milhaud as teacher. Freeman is a composer of chamber music and vocal chamber music. Known is his Suite for Wind Orchestra which was recorded under the direction of Johannes Somary. His First String Quartet as performed by the Koeckert Quartet, recorded in Germany, was meant to be released on a MUSIRAMA disk but this never happened as the contract with Bertelsmann had been canceled. Tom Null discovered the recording when searching the archives with Remington tapes and released the recording on Varèse-Sarabande VC81046 (See Varèse-Sarabande).

John W. Freeman co-authored 'The Golden Horseshoe', and 'Toscanini', he wrote 'Metropolitan Opera Stories of the Great Operas' (Vol. 1& 2) and translated Guiseppe Tarozzi's 'Puccini'. He was a music critic and a reviewer for Opera News and, from 1960 until 2000, served as an Associate Editor of that magazine. In 1993 he was awarded the Belmont Medal by the Metropolitan Opera Guild.
He was in his mid twenties when he wrote the liner notes for many a Remington release.

John W. Freeman wrote the liner notes for:
R-199-3 Grieg: Piano Concerto - Felicitas Karrer, pianist / Kurt Wöss.
R-199-7 Beethoven: Symphony No. 6 - Austrian Symphony / Kurt Wöss.
R-199-20 Tchaikovsky: Violin Concerto - Michèle Auclair / Kurt Wöss.
R-199-96/3 A name of a cover artists or of a writer of a commentary was sometimes (mostly unintentionally) omitted on a release. I suspect that the liner notes for Mozart's Requiem (conducted by Joseph Messner) were written by Freeman.
R-199-103 Verdi: Rigoletto Vocal Highlights - Ivan Petroff with the Orchestra of the Maggio Musiale Fiorentino, the chorus of Teatro Communale / Erasmo Ghiglia
R-199-104 Puccini: La Bohème Vocal Highlights.
R-199-105/2 Verdi: Requiem - Austrian Symphony / Gustav Koslik (re-released around 1958 in a Masterseal cover as Remington R-199-238)
R-199-106 Dvorak: Slavonic Dances Op. 46 - Austrian Symphony / George Singer.
R-199-109 Etelka Freund plays music of Johannes Brahms: Sonata in F minor Op. 5.  and Intermezzi Op. 117 No. 2 and Op. 116 No 2.
R-199-111/2 Rossini: Stabat Mater - Salzburg Mozarteum / Josef Messner.
R-199-143 Recital and Encores - Pierre Luboshutz and Genia Nemenoff.
R-199-160 Saint-Saëns: Carnival of Animals, Tchaikovsky: Swan Lake - RIAS Symphony / Jonel Perlea.
R-199-166 Liszt: Piano Concerto No. 1 and Todtentanz - Edward Kilenyi, RIAS Symphony / Jonel Perlea.
R-199-170 Léhar: The Merry Widow, Strauss: One Night in Venice - RIAS Symphony Orchestra / Gerhard Becker.
R-199-178/3 Verdi: Aida (the complete recording) - Teatro la Fenice / Franco Capuana
R-199-192 Millöcker: The Beggar Student - RIAS Symphony Orchestra / Gerhard Becker.
Paris Album 12 Liszt: Hungarian Rhapsodies, Brahms Hungarian Dances - RIAS Symphony / Karl Rucht.
Masterseal MSLP 5010 Mendelssohn: Midsummer Night's Dream, Debussy: Afternoon of a faun - Kurt Wöss, but these works are probably conducted by H. Arthur Brown and Jean Morel respectively.
Masterseal MSLP 5014 Dvorak: New World Symphony - Austrian Symphony / George Singer. It is not clear if the same liner notes had already been printed on the back of later editions of R-199-4 (Dvorak's 5th Symphony (9th) with George Singer) and replaced the notes written earlier by Herman Neuman.).

Bernard Lebov was a writer on music and provided program notes for opera companies. He also compiled catalogs like 'The American Record Index' and 'The Catalogue of Opera on Records'. Lebov wrote the liner notes for the Cosi fan tutte recording on R-199-117/3.

Mrs. Ellen A. Lebow translated many libretti and also the libretto for 'Cosi fan tutte' which was included in the box with the mention that it was a special printing for Remington Records, Inc.

Herman Neuman (Conductor, Director of Music of WNYG,
Municipal Broadcasting System of New York City) wrote the notes for the early release of R-199-4 of Dvorak's 5th (9th) Symphony with George Singer.

Irving Kolodin:
Irving Kolodin (January 21, 1908 - April 29, 1988) was the prolific author who is known for 'The Opera Omnibus', 'The New Guide to Recorded Music', 'The Guide to Long Playing Records' and many other reference books on music and records. He was a reviewer for Saturday Review. He is also known for his writings for the RCA-label and in particular for the Rubinstein Chopin-recordings. He had a rather clean and analytical style of judgment and was never overly enthusiastic but always restrained in a somewhat intellectual manner, to such an extent that several artists did not like his reviews of their performances.
Kolodin was already a well known critic and musicologist when he was asked to write for - at least three - Remington Musirama releases with the technically and interpretively better recordings.

From Kolodin's hand are the notes for Mascagni's 'Cavaleria Rusticana' with Teresa Apolei, Pina Geri, Antonio Spruzzola Zola, Piero Campolonghi, Letizia Del Col and the 'Teatro la Fenice' conducted by George Sebastian on R-199-175/2. Kolodin wrote the notes for the release of Prokofiev's 2nd Piano Concerto with Jorge Bolet and Thor Johnson on R-199-182 which was a première recording; apart from the 3rd only the 1st and occasionally the 5th concertos were played. And from his hand is the text on the inside of the box of the Turandot recording with Gertrude Grob-Prandl, Antonio Sprùzzola-Zola, Norman Scott, Renata Ferrari-Ongaro, Angelo Mercuriali, Mariano Caruso, and Marcello Rossi, Franco Capuana conducting the 'Teatro la Fenice' (Venice Opera Company) on the R-199-169/3.

Irving Kolodin at the end of the nineteen forties. (Photograph courtesy William P. Gottlieb)

On many a Remington cover a quote from an article by Irving Kolodin in the Saturday Review is printed:
"Listen to the Remington-sponsored discs in a rapidly growing catalogue selling at less than half of what is considered 'normal' LP rates. Remington is worth every penny asked."

Louis Biancolli is known for his collaboration with Kirsten Flagstad which resulted in 'The Flagstad Manuscript'. Other books of his hand are:
'The Mozart Handbook' (1975), 'Masters of the Orchestra from Bach to Prokofiev' (1969) and 'The Analytical Concert Guide' (Doubleday). He was also the co-author, with Robert Bagar, of 'The Concert Companion'. He was a music critic for The New York World-Telegram and Sun. And then he wrote liner notes for RCA releases.

Biancolli wrote the liner notes for these Remington editions:
R-199-124 Keyboard Masters of Old Vienna (Schubert, Mozart, Lanner, Strauss) - Hilde Somer, pianist.
R-199-126 Kreisler Encores played by violinist Michèle Auclair and pianist Otto Schulhof - coupled with Ballet Music by Delibes (excerpts from Naila, Coppélia and Sylvia performed by the Austrian Symphony Orchestra conducted by Max Schönherr.
R-199-129 Bizet L'Arlesienne Suite No. 1, Nicolai: Overture to The Merry Wives of Windsor, Mendelssohn: Overture to Ruy Blas.
R-199-130 Borodin: Overture and Polovetsian Dances from Prince Igor, Mussorgsky: A Night on Bald Mountain, Rimsky-Korsakoff: Capricio Espagnol - Austrian Symphony / Gustav Koslik.
R-199-135 Mozart: Sonata in A Major, Haydn: Sonatas Nos. 1 and 7 - Leonid Hambro, piano.

The MUSIRAMA emblem is not printed on the cover but glued in the lower right corner. This would suggest that this is not a real Musirama recording. But the quality of the pressing is identical to the earlier Musirama recording of Michèle Auclair (R-199-126) and the later Musirama pressings. It is obvious that this disc was instigated by Laszlo Halasz when he became Recording Director. Remington R-199-135 was released in the spring of 1953.

R-199-159 Debussy: La boite a joujoux (The Box of Toys) - RIAS Symphony Orchestra conducted by Jonel Perlea.

Edward Tatnall Canby - musician and musicologist, author of numerous articles for Harper's Bazar, Saturdays Review and Audio Magazine, and he contributed also to other record labels like Westminster and Nonesuch - wrote liner notes for:
R-199-79 featuring cellist Gaspar Cassado in Haydn's Concerto No. 1, Op. 101 coupled with Mozart's Symphony No. 35, K 385, both conducted by Hans Wolf.
R-199-84 Albert Spalding (Violinist) and Ernst von Dohnanyi (Pianist) perform Johannes Brahms: Sonata No. 1 and Hungarian Dances Nos. 8, 9 and 17.

Betty Reinman
R-199-213 Schumann: Symphony No. 2 - RIAS Orchestra / Otto Matzerath
R-199-203 Tchaikovsky: Francesca da Rimini, Theme and Variations - RIAS Symphony Orchestra / Anatole Fistoulari
R-199-209 Hindemith: Matthis der Mahler, Schumann: Manfred Overture, Von Weber: Euryanthe Overture - Hamburg Philharmonic Orchestra / Leopold Ludwig.

Max de Schauensee (Rome, December 5, 1899 - July 24, 1982 in Philadelphia, PA) was Music Editor of the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin and wrote The Collector's Verdi and Puccini. (1978). Despite the fact that opera was apparently his main subject, he did write the program notes for:
R-199-138 Bruckner: Symphony No. 3 - Zoltan Fekete.
R-199-176 Berlioz: Symphony Fantastique - RIAS Symphony Orchestra / George Sebastian.

Irving Sablosky, music critic of Chicago Daily News is the author of 'American Music' and 'What They Heard: Music in America, 1852-1881'. He wrote the notes for Sari Biro's recording of Contemporary Piano Composers (Bartok, Kodaly, Kabalevsky) on R-199-133.
A quote from a review by Sablosky in the Chicago Daily News of Simon Barere's Carnegie Hall recording of the Liszt Sonata (R-199-85) was printed in the 1953 Remington Records Catalog: "... fantastic, diabolical virtuosity seldom met and never before, to my knowledge, captured thus on records."

Sheldon Soffer
Sheldon Soffer studied composition and later took an interest in conducting and took up the post of assistant conductor of the Provincetown Symphony Orchestra. From his experiences he had the idea to represent musicians and artists and founded Sheldon Soffer Management in 1965. He wrote the liner notes for R-199-174 with Wagnerian Favorites performed by the RIAS Symphony conducted by Georges Sebastian, and the notes for Jorge Bolet's recording of Chopin's Four Scherzi on R-199-161.

Jerome D. Bohm (Boehm)
Jerome Bohm wrote for the New York Herald Tribune.
R-199-165 Schumann: Carnaval, Chopin: Short Pieces - Edward Kilenyi
R-199-180 Schumann: Symphony No. 1 ("Spring") - Otto Matzerath
R-199-187 Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 2 - Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra / Thor Johnson.
R-199-197 Tchaikovsky: Concerto No. 1 - Conrad Hansen / Wolfgang Sawallisch (On Masterseal MSLP a long paragraph of the original liner notes was left out.).
R-199-201 Sibelius: 5th Symphony - RIAS Symphony Orchestra / Jussi Jalas
R-199-207 Enesco: Rumanian Rhapsodies Nos. 1 and 2, Villa-Lobos: Choros No. 6 - Georges Enesco and Heitor Villa-Lobos.
R-199-208 Delibes: Sylvia and Coppélia - Georges Sebastian.

Bertram Stanleigh (November 3, 1921- January 25th, 2003) started as a music critic and was a reviewer for a magazine like Audio. He wrote a critical essay on Frank Zappa. In the 1960s he worked for the American Standards Association. Famous is his parody "Safety Code and Requirements for Dry Martinis". He ultimately moved on to work at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) before retiring in 1986. He passed away on January 25th 2003. He wrote the liner notes for one of the Musirama recordings made with the RIAS Symphony in Berlin:
R-199-164 Brahms: Concerto No. 2 - Edward Kilenyi / Jonel Perlea

Herbert Weinstock (1905-1971), author of 'Music as an Art' and of 'Tchaikovsky, Handel and Chopin: the Man and His Music' wrote the notes for:
R-199-134 Flamenco - Carlos Montoya, guitar, and Lydia Ibarondo, voice.
R-199-139 Songs of Spain - Lydia Ibarrondo and pianist Miguel Sandoval.
R-199-140 Baritone Mack Harrell: Recital and Encores, with Brooks Smith at the piano.
R-199-171 Carlos Montoya - Spanish Gypsy Airs.

Jay S. Harrison, critic of the New York Herald Tribune, wrote noteworthy articles. From his hand are “Talk with Stravinsky: Composer Discusses His Music,” New York Herald Tribune, 21 December 1952; "Robert Craft and His Unique Life", 20 December 1959; and many more. Quotes from his articles can be found in many a biography of composers and musicians. He contributed to the Book of the Month Club on The Messiah (Handel), Salome and Elektra (Richard Strauss), and La voix humaine (Francis Poulenc).

Jay S. Harrison wrote the notes for these Remington Records:
R-199-136 Scarlatti, Bach and Couperin by harpsichordist Sylvia Marlowe.
R-199-202 Couperin by Sylvia Marlowe, harpsichord.

Jack Urbont:
R-199-177 Wagnerian Overtures - RIAS Symphony / Georges Sebastian.
R-199-183 Offenbach/Rosenthal: Offenbachiana - RIAS Symphony Orchestra / Manuel Rosenthal.
R-199-188 Brant, Glanville-Hicks, Rudhyar - Jonel Perlea.

Norman Gorin:
R-199-181 Light French Opera Overtures by Suppé, Auber, Adam and Maillart. RIAS Symphony conducted by Gerhard Becker.

Arthur Darack, music critic of the Cincinnati Enquirer, wrote the program notes for Thor Johnson's recording of Dvorak's 4th (8th) Symphony on R-199-168.

Alec Templeton wrote the notes for his own recording of Improvisations on R-199-158. Note: There is no author mentioned on the cover of his recording of Gershwin's Concerto in F.

Albert Spalding wrote the notes for his own recording of the Brahms Violin Concerto with Wilhelm Loibner (R-199-145), as is indicated on Varèse-Sarabande VC 81059 which contains the re-release. This is not an invitation to assume that Albert Spalding also wrote the liner notes for the issue of his recording of the Beethoven Violin Concerto with the same conductor on R-199-144. These are probably written by any contributor like John W. Freeman, Irving Kolodin, Sigmund Spaeth, or just one of those other writers mentioned above. The recording of the Beethoven Concerto was released after Albert Spalding had died.

(c) Rudolf A. Bruil - Page first published June, 2003